Nestled in the southeastern part of Shiga Prefecture, Higashiomi City is bordered by Hikone City and the towns of Aisho and Taga to the north, the towns of Ryuo and Hino, and Koga City to the south, Omihachiman City and Azuchi Town to the west, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

The City extends from Suzuka mountain range westward to Lake Biwa. Along the Echi and Hino Rivers, which flow through the central and southwestern parts of the city respectively, plains and hills spread out to form a verdant countryside. With hilly areas like those around Mt. Mitsukuri and Mt. Kinugasa being scattered throughout, the city is blessed with abundant natural scenery.

The total land area measures roughly 388 km² (approximately 9.7% of Shiga Prefecture), making it the fourth largest city in the Prefecture after Takashima, Koga and Otsu.